STUDY OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF 20 CACAO ACCESSIONS (Theobroma cacao L.) BY AP-PCR COLLECTION IN CENTER OF COCOA TENGUEL FLAVOR IN THE EXPERIMENTAL BUSETA FARM

Abstract

The present study consisted of determining the genetic diversity based on the scoreboards RAPD's (Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA) of 20 accessions of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) of the National variety, with characteristics of productivity, and levels of resistance, susceptibility and tolerance to the principal diseases caused by fungi as Ceratocistys fimbriata, Moniliophtora roreri and Crinipelis perniciosa. This germoplasma of thief is located in the Center of Cocoa of Aroma Tenguel, in the experimental estate "The Buseta" property of the Technical State University of Quevedo. The extraction of DNA realized it using the protocol of Doyle and Doyle (1990) with some modifications. 14 oligonucleótidos were used for the obtaining scoreboard RAPD's, of which 9 amplified reproducible products OPA-15, OPC-07, OPC-9, OPC-4, OPC-3, OPC-1, OPA-12 OPC- 13 y OPA-7. The products of amplification were migrated in gels of agarosa to 1.2 % to 90 volts for an hour. The molecular scoreboards were analyzed by means of a counterfoil of binary information to calculate the genetic distances. Nine used powderhorns generated 67 bands of which 59 (88 %) was polymorphic. The dendrograma showed two groups A and B, in the group A include two accessions, and in the group B the 18 remaining ones are which includes 2 subgroups B1 and B2 in the subgroup B1 includes the accession (L-22-H-40), and in the subgroup B2 there are included the accessions that possess characteristics of productivity. The level of diversity more high were obtained with the oligonucleótidos OPC 04 (0.80), OPC 07 (0.82). The powder-horn that brought (reported) the lowest level was OPC 01 (0.37). The accessions that presented the levels of variability more high places were the (L-22-H-40) (Or 75), (L-34-H-07) (0.86) and the (L-42-H-60) (0.72) whereas the lowest values them showed the accessions (L-26-H-64) (Or 48) and (L-23-H63) (Or 47). The value of the total diversity (HT) obtained for 20 accessions of T. cocoa by means of RAPD was of 0.636.