Revisión sistemática de la implementación de la gestión pública centrada en el ciudadano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18779/csye.v10i2.1310Palabras clave:
Gestión pública, gobernanza centrada en el ciudadano, participación ciudadana, capacidad estatalResumen
La gestión pública centrada en el ciudadano se ha consolidado como un enfoque relevante en las reformas contemporáneas de la administración pública, debido a la necesidad de fortalecer la legitimidad institucional, mejorar la calidad de los servicios públicos y promover la participación ciudadana. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar críticamente su implementación en distintos sistemas de administración pública. Se hizo una revisión de la literatura de manera crítica y organizada. Para esto, se buscaron estudios en bases de datos como Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, EBSCO y Latindex. La muestra estaba formada por 70 investigaciones publicadas entre 2015 y 2026, seleccionadas según su relevancia para el tema, su calidad académica y su método de investigación. Los resultados muestran que, aunque la idea de poner al ciudadano en el centro ha sido aceptada como un principio en las reformas administrativas, su aplicación enfrenta problemas debido a la falta de capacidad del Estado, la fragmentación de las instituciones, las diferencias en el acceso a la tecnología y la debilidad de los mecanismos de participación. También se encontró que la digitalización y las iniciativas de gobierno abierto han aumentado la interacción entre el Estado y los ciudadanos, aunque los resultados varían según el contexto institucional. En conclusión, para que la gestión pública se centre en el ciudadano, es necesario fortalecer las capacidades del Estado, mejorar la coordinación entre los gobiernos y desarrollar mecanismos efectivos para que los ciudadanos participen.
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